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What is uric acid?

Uric acid is a waste product formed when your body breaks down purines, which are natural substances found in certain foods and in your cells. When purines are metabolized, uric acid is produced and normally dissolves in the blood, passes through the kidneys, and is eliminated in urine. While uric acid serves as an antioxidant in the body, abnormal levels can indicate underlying health issues or increase the risk of certain conditions.

Why is uric acid important?

Tracking your uric acid levels is essential for identifying and preventing several health conditions. High uric acid levels, known as hyperuricemia, can lead to gout, a painful form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in joints. Elevated levels may also indicate kidney stone risk, kidney disease, or metabolic syndrome.
Symptoms of high uric acid may include sudden and severe joint pain, swelling and redness in joints (often the big toe), limited range of motion, and recurring attacks of joint inflammation. High uric acid is also associated with increased risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and kidney dysfunction. Low uric acid levels are less common but may indicate Wilson disease, a genetic disorder affecting copper metabolism. If you are concerned with your levels, it is important to consult with your physician.

How can I better understand my uric acid levels?

Blood uric acid levels:

  • Low: <2.5 mg/dL
  • Normal for men: 3.4-7.0 mg/dL
  • Normal for women: 2.4-6.0 mg/dL
  • Optimal: 3.0-5.5 mg/dL
  • High: >7.0 mg/dL (men), >6.0 mg/dL (women)
  • Risk of gout: >7.0 mg/dL

Uric acid levels can fluctuate based on diet, hydration status, and time of day. Levels may be higher in the morning and lower after meals. Testing should ideally be done while fasting for the most accurate results. Your healthcare provider may order multiple tests over time to establish a pattern, as a single elevated reading does not necessarily indicate a chronic problem.

How can I maintain optimal uric acid levels?

If you need to maintain or reduce your uric acid levels, consider the following strategies:
Dietary Changes: Limit intake of high-purine foods such as red meat, organ meats, certain seafood (anchovies, sardines, shellfish), and alcohol, especially beer. Reduce consumption of sugary drinks and foods high in fructose. Increase intake of low-fat dairy products, cherries, and foods rich in vitamin C.
Lifestyle Changes: Maintain a healthy weight through gradual weight loss if needed, as rapid weight loss can temporarily increase uric acid levels. Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day to help your kidneys eliminate uric acid efficiently. Engage in regular physical activity and manage underlying conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes.

Where can I learn more?

DISCLAIMER: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for interpretation of your uric acid results and for personalized health recommendations.