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What is the thyroid peroxidase antibody?

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme found in the thyroid gland that plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) synthesis. TPO Antibodies (TPOAb), also known as antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, are found in some individuals whose immune systems mistakenly target the thyroid gland and produce antibodies against TPO. The presence of these antibodies is indicative of potential dysfunction of the thyroid gland.

Why is the thyroid peroxidase antibody important?

Tracking your TPOAb level allows you to understand the health of your thyroid gland, which is an integral part of your endocrine system. Thyroid hormones are vital to metabolism, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance, among other roles, so abnormal TPOAb could affect your overall health and wellness. 

The TPOAb test is usually suggested for people who are experiencing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism to determine whether an autoimmune disease is an underlying cause. One common autoimmune disease, Hashimoto’s, is typically accompanied by weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, low tolerance for cold temperatures, irregular periods, constipation, depression, and joint pain. Graves’ disease, on the other hand, has symptoms including weight loss, bulging eyes, hand tremors, low heat tolerance, trouble sleeping, anxiety, increased heart rate, and an enlarged thyroid gland.

How can I better understand my TPOAb levels?

To help you understand your TPOAb results, you can use the following ranges as a reference:

  • Optimal: 0-4 IU/mL
  • In range: 4-9 IU/mL
  • Out of range: 9+ IU/mL

If your TPOAb results are raised, please consult with your physician as this may be indicative of an autoimmune disease such as Hashimoto’s disease or Graves’ disease, and although less common, could be a marker for cancer. According to British Thyroid Foundation, while ~90% of people with elevated TPOAb have an autoimmune disease, ~10% do not have thyroid disease at all [1]. Therefore, interpretation of your results is best left to a physician.

How can I maintain optimal TPOAb levels?

If your TPOAb levels are high, you can try:

Dietary Changes: Ensuring adequate folate (B9) intake and increasing carnitine intake can aid in lowering elevated TPOAb levels [2].

Where can I learn more?

DISCLAIMER: IF YOU ARE CONCERNED WITH ANY OF YOUR RESULTS, PLEASE CONSULT WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN.

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