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What is Hemoglobin A1C?

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is a biomarker that correlates to your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin proteins in your blood that are coated with sugar. For this reason, HbA1c tests can also be referred to as glycosylated (sugar-coated) hemoglobin tests.

Why is HbA1C important?

Hemoglobin A1C is an important screen for diabetic risk, providing a long-term snapshot of blood glucose concentration in comparison to other tests. Levels that are consistently above 5.6% may warrant a visit to a physician [1]. 

How can I better understand my HbA1C results?

Your A1C results can be interpreted using the following reference ranges, but it is important to consult with your physician if you are concerned with any of your biomarker levels.

  • Out of range: 0-3.8%
  • In range: 3.8-4%
  • Optimal: 4-5%
  • In range: 5-5.8%
  • Out of range: >5.8%

Ranges specific to the Cardiometabolic Program:

  • Optimal: ≤5.2%
  • Good: 5.3-5.5%
  • Fair: 5.6-5.9%
  • Pay attention: 6.0-6.5%
  • Alert: ≥6.5%

According to the CDC, several factors can provide a false report of your A1C results, including [2]:

  • Kidney failure, liver disease, anemia
  • Less common hemoglobin types that people of African, Mediterranean, or Southeast Asian descent may have
  • Certain medications
  • Blood loss or blood transfusions
  • Early or late pregnancy

How can I maintain optimal HbA1C levels?

If your A1C is elevated, you can try [3]:

Dietary Changes: Increasing fiber in your diet by choosing veggies, whole grains, and fruit can help to lower A1C levels.

Lifestyle Changes: To lower your A1C levels, try losing weight by leading a healthy lifestyle, regularly exercising (particularly, aerobic exercise and strength training), and quitting smoking.

Where can I learn more?

DISCLAIMER: IF YOU ARE CONCERNED WITH ANY OF YOUR RESULTS, PLEASE CONSULT WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN.

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