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What is estradiol?

Estradiol (E2), a type of estrogen hormone, is naturally produced by both males and females. In females, estradiol regulates the menstrual cycle, plays a role in fertility and ovulation, and can indicate the presence of PCOS [1]. In males, this hormone is important for modulating libido, erectile function, and sperm synthesis. Estradiol also operates beyond the reproductive system, including bone health and brain function.

Why is estradiol important?

Because estrogen is the primary reproductive hormone for females, estradiol (the most potent type of estrogen) is included in SiPhox Health’s foundation panel for females. Global Women’s Medicine mentions that elevations in estradiol may indicate pregnancy or ovulation, but could also point to underlying conditions such as tumors, PCOS, or liver disease [2]. Decreases in estradiol may indicate menopause, but could also point toward pituitary, adrenal, or ovarian failure. Osteoporosis (loss of bone mass) occurs frequently with estradiol deficiency, which could be alleviated by hormone replacement therapy [3].

According to a 2020 study, men with abnormally high estradiol levels have been associated with erectile dysfunction while abnormally low levels reported low libido and sexual activity [4]. Besides sexual dysfunction, abnormally high estradiol levels are also linked to loss of muscle mass, fatigue, mood swings, abdominal obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin sensitivity, blood sugar dysregulation, and even enlarged breasts [5].

How can I better understand my estradiol levels?

Estradiol tests should be taken on day 3 of your menstrual cycle [6]. When interpreting results for estradiol, it is important to consider how dynamic this hormone can be. In menstruating folks, estradiol varies considerably between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. During perimenopause (the start of menopause), estradiol levels start to decline, and postmenopausal (after menopause) levels remain low with minimal fluctuation. In males, estradiol is low and is relatively static as well.

The following graph by Straight Healthcare shows how variable estradiol can be for menstruating females, along with other hormones that are important for the regulation of the menstrual cycle [7].

Estradiol (E2)

The following reference ranges can be used to assist in the interpretation of test results:

Females (On day 3 of menstrual cycle):

  • In range: 0-517 pg/mL
  • Out of range: 518+ pg/mL

Males:

  • In range: 0.0-47.0 pg/mL
  • Out of range: 47.1+ pg/mL

For postmenopausal females who are on hormone replacement therapy, an estradiol range between 50-100 pg/mL can be expected [8].

SiPhox Health results in the 1000s of pg/mL may be indicative of an underlying issue or may be caused by creams containing bioactive compounds. Some creams contain compounds that mimic naturally produced hormones. Avoid touching bioactive creams with your hands for 48 hours before the test. It is also essential to thoroughly wash your hands with warm water and soap before collection. You should consult your physician if your hormonal result persists on repeat testing.

How can I maintain optimal estradiol levels?

If you need to maintain or adjust your estradiol levels, consider the following strategies [9][10].

Dietary Changes: Consuming foods high in phytoestrogens (fruits, grains, nuts, seeds, soy, veggies) and obtaining sufficient amounts of boron, vitamin B, vitamin D, and vitamin E can help to increase estradiol levels.

Lifestyle Changes: Lowering your body fat percentage, managing stress, and abstaining from alcohol can help to lower high estradiol levels.

Supplementation: If your estradiol levels are low, try taking natural supplements including black cohosh, DHEA, and red clover.

Where can I learn more?

DISCLAIMER: IF YOU ARE CONCERNED WITH ANY OF YOUR RESULTS, PLEASE CONSULT WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN.

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